Orientation and texture

(a) Out-of-plane - not well oriented

ZnO on glass orientation

(b) Out-of-plane - more strongly oriented

Out-of-plane orientation of NbN/GdN/NbN/Sapphire

(c) In-plane orientation of samples in (b)

Phi scans with offset in chi of NbN and GdN on sapphire

(d) Rocking curves - omega scans on GaN - orientation related to dislocations

Rocking curves of GaN